On Wednesday, November 29, 2023, Henry Alfred Kissinger passed away at the age of 100. His life was indeed monumental in his work as a diplomat, political scientist, and statesman. Nevertheless, like most prominent leaders, he was a polarizing figure, having many critics regarding his policies and the long-term consequences of his diplomatic actions. Even so, his life is well worth remembering.
Kissinger was born in Germany five years after World War I. With his Jewish family, he fled the emerging Nazi regime of Adolf Hitler in the late 1930s, eventually settling in the United States. He studied at Harvard University, where he later became a faculty member.
Kissinger’s career in international relations began to flourish during the Cold War era. He gained recognition for his expertise in foreign policy and national security. In 1969, he became National Security Advisor under President Richard Nixon and was later appointed Secretary of State, serving from 1973 to 1977 under both Nixon and President Gerald Ford.
During his tenure, Kissinger played a pivotal role in shaping U.S. foreign policy, notably regarding the Vietnam War, détente with the Soviet Union, and the opening of diplomatic relations with China. He was a key figure in negotiating the Paris Peace Accords, which aimed to end U.S. involvement in Vietnam.
Kissinger’s diplomatic efforts in the Vietnam War negotiations earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1973, although his policies and actions remain controversial, even to this day.
Beyond his time in public office, Henry Kissinger has remained a respected authority on international relations, frequently contributing his expertise through writings, speeches, and consulting. In 2022, Kissinger authored a book titled simply Leadership. It presents several important premises worth considering by those who serve in high political office, as well as in business.
In the book, Kissinger noted, “Leaders think and act at the intersection of two axes: the first, between the past and the future; the second between the abiding values and aspirations of those they lead. They must balance what they know, which is necessarily drawn from the past, with what they intuit about the future, which is inherently conjectural and uncertain. It is this intuitive grasp of direction that enables leaders to set objectives and lay down a strategy.”
He went on to set forth two vital attributes of great leaders:
- Courage to choose a direction, a purpose or vision–and a willingness to transcend the routine, to do hard things—and
- Character to sustain a course of action, and fidelity to core values over an extended period of time.
Leaders must fit “means” (strategies) to “ends” (purpose/vision)–and fit their purpose to the circumstances of their time and situation. They sculpt the future using the materials available to them in the present including knowledge of lessons learned, analogies, and inspiration. Such leaders are “historically informed.” They strive to distill actionable insights from inherent ambiguity, “absorbing life in all its dazzling complexity.”
Kissinger further observed that such leaders have learned to navigate the ambiguities of the future without abandoning their fundamental values. Further, they have learned the lessons of history without rigidly anchoring to the past. The very best of these leaders are admired for their “natural abilities,” but these abilities have generally been hard won in the crucible of study, experience, and inspiration.
Kissinger chose six leaders whom he feels demonstrated these characteristics: Konrad Adenauer, Charles de Gaulle, Richard Nixon, Anwar Sadat, Lee Kuan Yew, and Margaret Thatcher. Kissinger’s choice of these leaders is, in and of itself, controversial. I doubt that many would have selected these six. However, in reading Kissinger’s incisive descriptions of each, I found new understandings of their leadership that I had overlooked in the past.
Leadership is a reminder that we must not neglect the lessons of history, especially those taught through the lives of exceptional leaders. Thematically, Kissinger shared the strategies that each leader employed to succeed:
- Adenauer: The strategy of humility
- de Gaulle: The strategy of will
- Nixon: The strategy of equilibrium
- Sadat: The strategy of transcendence
- Lee Kuan Yew: The strategy of excellence
- Thatcher: The strategy of conviction
While traveling in Europe last year, I was interested–and perhaps a bit shocked–to find out how little most people know about these leaders as I conversed with others about them. Many in Europe, even in Germany, did not know about Konrad Adenauer, the man largely responsible for Germany’s re-emergence as a respected nation in the world community after its humiliation in World War II. He is a man not to be forgotten, in my opinion.
There may be some who do not mourn the loss of Henry Kissinger. And, it is not my intention to portray him as a perfect leader or diplomat. Rather, it is to recognize the incredible insights regarding leadership shared by one of the most notable historians and diplomats of all time. I will miss the ongoing wisdom of Henry Kissinger.
